ABSTRACT
Covid-19 is a severe acute respiratory syndrome, the disease presents with a ranging from asymptomatic to severe symptomatic illness with multiple organ failure and death, and can cause a severe effect on the coagulation system. This study aimed to determine the effect of the covid 19 on the extrinsic and intrinsic pathway of coagulation [prothrombin time(PT), international normalized ratio (INR), and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)] and to determine the association of age and gender with the severity of COVID-19 in Sudan in order to improve the outcome. A cross-sectional study carried out among 487 COVID-19 patients attending Khartoum State. COVID-19 patients were confirmed by RT-PCR. For all patients, the prothrombin times (PT), International normalized ratio (INR), and Activated partial thromboplastin (APTT) were estimated by using a semi-automated coagulometer analyzer. Patients were divided into three subclass groups according to the Severity of COVID-19 (mild, severe in the emergency room) (ER) and intensive care unit (ICU), and the clotting factors values were compared between the groups. The results were statically analyzed by spss version 21 for data analysis. These results showed statistically significant increased Levels of PT, INR, and APTT for all (P. value = 0.000), compared to the control group. Also, the levels of coagulation tests were higher in ICU COVID-19 patients (P. value = 0.000) compared to mild and severe subgroups. This study concluded that: coagulation clotting times were increased in COVID-19 patients, especially among patients in ICU which could be a marker for DIC and even death.
ABSTRACT
SARS-CoV-2 is a systemic infection that has a significant impact on the hemostasis and hematopoietic system. Lymphopenia may be considered a cardinal laboratory finding, with prognostic potential. The study aimed to determine the differential leukocyte count in SARS-CoV-2 among Sudanese patients, during the period from March to December 2020. A total of 787 subjects were enrolled 487 patients with COVID-19 and 300 healthy volunteers as a control group;their ages ranged from 29 to 89 years. 3 ml of EDTA venous blood samples were collected from each participant standard for CBC investigation and then analyzed by SPSS version 21 (Mean and Standard deviation). A significant association between leukocyte count among ICU, ER group, and control with (P. value 0.000), in addition, a significant association was revealed among mild group and control group in differential neutrophil count, differential lymphocyte count, and absolute neutrophil count (p. value 0.000), however non-significant in TWBC absolute mixed cell count, absolute lymphocyte count, and differential mixed cells count (value 0.7,0.2, 0.19) respectively. The study concluded that leukocytosis with neutrophilia and lymphopenia is associated with the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and should be implicated as predict for a serious course of the disease as well as mortality.
ABSTRACT
The relevance of coagulation malfunction in COVID-19 (severe coronavirus disease) is ambiguous. Current study aimed to assess the coagulation among SARS-CoV-2 hospitalized patients. A cross sectional study with qualitative approach was conducted among 300 patients who are already diagnosed as COVID 19 compared to 300 apparently healthy control group attended to Red Sea State during study period from April 2020 to April 2021. The Humaclot Due Plus1 coagulation analyser was used to estimate the prothrombin time (PT), activated partial prothrombin time (APTT), and international normalized ratio (INR) (Wiesbaden 1, Germany), adding 25 μL of plasma in cuvette. The study result showed that in COVID-19 patients D.dimer level is high (2000-10000 ng/mL) compared with control group (up to 500 ng/mL). COVID-19 infection cause high D. dimer level which can lead to thrombosis event or bleeding tendency. Abnormal coagulation results were revealed among SARS-CoV-2, with markedly elevated D. dimer.
ABSTRACT
Coronaviruses (CoV) belong to enveloped single-stranded RNA viruses. Six COV namely HKU1, NL63, 229E, OC43, SARS, and MERS have been detected in humans, until December 2019 an outbreak of the novel coronavirus, known as "COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2", in appeared Wuhan, China. As a consequence, life has changed dramatically and many people and health authorities are left confused about what they are to do to avoid dissemination of catastrophe. Even though much is identified about the mortality of the clinical phase of COVID 19 disease (symptoms ranging from the mild common cold to severe respiratory disease), but much less is understood about its pathophysiology. It has triggered infections and deaths more than SARS or MERS due to its high speed of transmission. Hence, SARS-CoV-2 is a considerable health and economic issue that can be horrific especially for immunocompromised or elderly people. In the last 18 years, we have been witness for the emergence of three extremely pathogenic zoonotic coronaviruses throughout history.
ABSTRACT
Background: Novel (COVID-19) has pushed educational institutions to learn through online resources, and the significance of e-learning has indeed become a necessity, current study was aimed to ascertain students' perceptions on the implementation of e-learning and remote exams at Collage of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul-Aziz University-KSA. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in August 2020 on 242 students from the faculty of Applied Medical Sciences at Prince Sattam University. A well-constructed questionnaire was designed and administered online (via Google online survey and distributed via E. mail, and WhatsApp groups) to students, it had 22 Closed-ended questions altogether in the following items, which were divided into five domains. The answers were graded on the 5-point Liken scale from 1 to 5. The SPSS software (version 26) was used for data analysis. Result: From the students (242) participating in the study, a majority (63.7%) was from the Medical Laboratory Sciences department, (45.9%) used their laptops, 69% had a negative impression towards E. learning. The perception was converging on whether the E-learning method helped them understand the scientific material smoothly and clearly;21.1%, 22.3%, 21.5%, and 19.8% were agreed, neutral, disagreed, and strongly disagreed, respectively. 55.9 % of students agreed that remote exam questions are appropriate and comprehensive. Conclusion: Although online learning is regarded as less social contact, lack of social presence, communications synchronization, and not preferable by students;online learning definitely has some positive effects on students, it is a crucial platform in crisis periods and also for people who are unable to complete their studies in person.